MIL-STD-1540D
b. Mitigate schedule risk - the program will not test the next assembly level in a timely manner. Identification of an assembly error or unfavorable interaction between elements at that later time would adversely impact program schedule;
c. Mitigate cost risk - detection of a failure at the next higher level of assembly would require extensive rework and retest to recover from such a failure.
See Tables A1, A2 and A4 for factors relating tests for various development and manufacturing process risks.
5.4.3 Inspection. The inspection method of verification is usually performed during manufacturing, qualification, acceptance, integration and prelaunch phases. It is used mainly to verify those requirements where physical characteristics (e.g. construction features, finish, identification marking and cleanliness) and interfaces are involved.
5.4.4 Demonstration. A demonstration typically involves the use of actual hardware or software with a simulator or in a simulated operational configuration. For example, validating the ignitor circuitry or the circuitry to a destruct charge on a flight vehicle can best be accomplished by demonstrating that a simulated charge can be fired, rather than an actual charge.
5.4.5 Similarity. Verification by similarity is used usually in combination with analysis to show that an article is similar to another article that has already been qualified to equivalent or more stringent criteria. This verification method consists of assessment and review of hardware configuration, hardware application and prior test data including a comparison of prior test levels with new specific requirements. Differences in configuration, application or test conditions usually require analyses and additional testing to complete verification by the method of similarity.
5.5 Integrated Test Plan. Each program must evaluate and determine the need for and the best test approach for each product level of assembly that the program identifies as being a candidate for verification by test. There are many factors to consider when establishing qualification and acceptance test requirements for a particular program. Table A-1 provides a listing of some of the more pertinent factors that should be considered. Table A-2 provides a summary of the causes and types of failures surfaced during testing of products in previous launch, upper stage and space vehicle programs.
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