MIL-STD-1540D
recoverable launch or upper-stage vehicle, is considered to be a part of the space vehicle.
3.5.5 Flight Vehicle. A flight vehicle is the combination of elements of the launch system that is flown; i.e., the launch vehicle(s), the upper-stage vehicle(s), and the space vehicle(s) to be sent to orbit.
3.6 System. A system is a composite of equipment, skills, and techniques capable of performing or supporting an operational role. A system includes all operational equipment, related facilities, material, software, services, and personnel required for its operation. A system is typically defined by the System Program Office or the procurement agency responsible for its acquisition.
3.7 Combined Systems. Combined systems are interconnected systems that are required for program level operations or operational tests. The combined systems of interest are typically the launch system and the on-orbit system.
3.7.1 Launch System. A launch system is the composite of equipment, skills, and techniques capable of launching and boosting one or more space vehicles into orbit. The launch system includes the flight vehicle and related facilities, ground equipment, material, software, procedures, services, and personnel required for
their operation.
3.7.2 On-orbit System. An on-orbit system is the composite of equipment, skills, and techniques permitting on-orbit operation of the space vehicle(s). The on-orbit system includes the space vehicle(s), the command and control network, and related facilities, ground equipment, material, software, procedures, services, and personnel required for their operation.
3.8 Airborne Support Equipment (ASE). Airborne support equipment is the equipment installed in a flight vehicle to provide support functions and interfaces for the space or upper-stage vehicle during launch and orbital operations of the flight vehicle. This includes the hardware and software that provides the structural, electrical, electronic, and mechanical interfaces with the flight vehicle.
3.9 Critical Unit. A critical unit is one whose failure can affect the system operation sufficiently to cause the loss of the stated vehicle objectives, a partial loss of the mission, or is a unit whose proper performance is essential from a range safety standpoint.
3.10 Development Test Article. A development test article is a representative vehicle, subsystem, or unit dedicated to provide design and test information. The information may be used to check the validity of analytic techniques and assumed design parameters, to uncover unexpected response characteristics, to evaluate design changes, to determine interface compatibility, to prove qualification and acceptance test procedures and techniques, or to determine if the equipment meets its performance specifications. Development test articles
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